Course Content
A. Inference
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A.01. Draw simple inferences from a text based on stated information.
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A.02. Use actions and dialogue to understand characters’ motivations.
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A.03. Make predictions about a story based on evidence in the text.
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A.04. Compare and contrast characters’ traits and motivations.
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A.05. Support inferences with direct quotes from the text.
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A.06. Analyze how inferences contribute to a deeper understanding of the text’s themes.
B. Story Elements
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B.01. Recognize and list the basic story elements: characters, setting, plot, and conflict.
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B.02. Identify the main characters and describe their relationships.
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B.03. Describe the setting and explain its importance to the story.
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B.04. Outline the plot of a story, including the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
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B.05. Explain how the conflict drives the plot forward.
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B.06. Analyze how different story elements interact to create a cohesive narrative.
C. Text Structure
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C.01. Recognize different text structures (e.g., chronological order, compare/contrast, cause/effect, problem/solution).
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C.02. Determine the order of events in chronological informational texts.
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C.03. Match causes with their effects in informational texts.
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C.04. Match problems with their solutions in informational texts.
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C.05. Compare and contrast information presented in informational texts.
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C.06. Identify the text structure used in a given passage.
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C.07. Explain how the text structure helps to convey the author’s message.
D. Author’s Purpose
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D.01. Identify the general purpose of a text (e.g., to inform, entertain, persuade).
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D.02. Explain how specific textual features (e.g., tone, word choice) contribute to the author’s purpose.
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D.03. Identify persuasive language and techniques used by the author.
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D.04. Distinguish between objective and subjective writing.
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D.05. Evaluate the effectiveness of the author’s chosen purpose.
E. Main Idea
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E.01. Identify key details in a passage.
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E.02. Use key details to determine the main idea of a paragraph.
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E.03. Determine the main idea of a passage.
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E.04. Combine main ideas from two related texts.
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E.05. Summarize a text by stating its main idea and supporting details.
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E.06. Evaluate how effectively the main idea is communicated in the text.
F. Sensory Details
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F.01. Recognize examples of sensory details (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch).
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F.02. Sort sensory details based on the sense they appeal to.
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F.03. Identify the impact of sensory details on the reader’s experience.
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F.04. Analyze how sensory details create vivid imagery in a text.
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F.05. Explain the purpose and effect of using sensory details in different types of writing.
G. Literary Devices
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G.06. Explore the use of personification, hyperbole, and other figures of speech.
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G.01. Identify similes and metaphors.
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G.02. Determine the meanings of similes and metaphors within a text.
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G.03. Distinguish between similes and metaphors.
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G.04. Analyse the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone.
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G.05. Explain how literary devices enhance the overall impact of a text.
H. Point of View
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H.01. Distinguish between first-person, second-person, and third-person points of view.
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H.02. Identify the narrator in a given passage.
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H.03. Explain how point of view affects the reader’s understanding of the story.
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H.04. Analyze how the narrator’s perspective shapes the events and characters.
I. Theme
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I.01. Recognize recurring themes in stories, myths, fables, and folktales.
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I.02. Determine the themes of myths, fables, and folktales.
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I.03. Support your understanding of a theme with evidence from the text.
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I.04. Compare and contrast themes across different texts.
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I.05. Explain how themes reflect universal ideas about life and society.
J. Visual Elements
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J.01. Describe the visual elements used in illustrations (e.g., color, line, composition).
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J.02. Compare mythological illustrations from different cultures or time periods.
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J.03. Explain how visual elements contribute to the meaning and mood of a text.
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J.04. Analyse how visual elements relate to and enhance the written content.
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J.05. Discuss the role of visual elements in conveying cultural and historical information.
K. Literary Texts: Level 1
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K.01. Read and comprehend simple fantasy texts with illustrations.
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K.02. Read and comprehend simple realistic fiction texts with illustrations.
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K.03. Read and comprehend simple science fiction texts with illustrations.
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K.04. Identify the key characteristics that define each genre.
L. Literary Texts: Level 2
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L.01. Read and comprehend more complex realistic fiction.
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L.02. Read and comprehend more complex historical fiction.
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L.03. Read and comprehend poetry with various structures and themes.
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L.04. Read and comprehend short drama scripts.
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L.05. Compare and contrast different literary genres based on their elements and themes.
M. Informational Texts: Level 1
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M.01. Read and comprehend informational texts about animals.
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M.02. Read and comprehend informational texts about art, music, and traditions.
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M.03. Read and comprehend informational texts about famous places.
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M.04. Read and comprehend informational texts about sports and hobbies.
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M.05. Identify the main topics and subtopics in informational texts.
N. Informational Texts: Level 2
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N.01. Read and comprehend informational texts about famous people.
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N.02. Read and comprehend informational texts about business and technology.
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N.03. Read and comprehend informational texts about science and nature.
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N.04. Read and comprehend informational texts about history.
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N.05. Synthesize information from multiple sources on a single topic.
O. Organising Writing
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O.01. Identify the topic sentence in a paragraph.
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O.02. Put sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.
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O.03. Order items from most general to most specific.
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O.04. Organise information by topic using headings and subheadings.
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O.05. Remove the sentence that does not belong in a paragraph.
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O.06. Create an outline to organize thoughts before writing.
P. Introductions and Conclusions
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P.01. Identify the purpose of an introductory paragraph.
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P.02. Choose the best topic sentence for an introductory paragraph.
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P.03. Identify the purpose of a concluding paragraph.
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P.04. Choose the best concluding sentence for a given paragraph.
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P.05. Write an engaging introductory paragraph for a given topic.
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P.06. Write a concise concluding paragraph that summarizes the main points.
Q. Linking Words
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Q.01. Identify time-order words and phrases.
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Q.02. Use coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, so) to connect ideas.
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Q.03. Use subordinating conjunctions (because, although, if, when) to show relationships between clauses.
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Q.04. Choose the best transition word or phrase to connect sentences and paragraphs.
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Q.05. Rewrite sentences to improve flow and clarity using different types of linking words.
R. Developing and Supporting Arguments
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R.01. Distinguish between facts and opinions.
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R.02. Identify an author’s statement of opinion in a text.
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R.03. Choose relevant reasons to support an opinion.
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R.04. Identify supporting details in literary texts.
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R.05. Identify supporting details in informational texts.
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R.06. Evaluate the strength and relevance of supporting evidence.
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R.07. Identify and correct plagiarism by properly citing sources.
S. Descriptive Details
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S.01. Identify adjectives and adverbs that add detail to writing.
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S.02. Show character emotions and traits through descriptive language.
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S.03. Revise sentences using stronger verbs to create a more vivid image.
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S.04. Use figurative language (similes, metaphors, personification) to enhance descriptions.
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S.05. Develop the ability to create immersive and engaging scenes through descriptive writing.
T. Prefixes and Suffixes
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T.01. Identify base words, prefixes, and suffixes.
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T.02. Determine the meaning of a word with pre-, re-, or mis-.
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T.03. Use the prefixes pre-, re-, and mis- correctly in sentences.
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T.04. Determine the meaning of a word with -ful or -less.
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T.05. Determine the meaning of a word with -ly or -ness.
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T.06. Determine the meaning of a word with -able or -ment.
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T.07. Determine the meaning of a word with a suffix: review.
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T.08. Determine the meanings of words with prefixes and suffixes: review.
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T.09. Use knowledge of prefixes and suffixes to deduce the meaning of unfamiliar words.
U. Greek and Latin Roots
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U.01. Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots.
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U.02. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words.
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U.03. Use the meanings of words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots.
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U.04. Determine the meanings of common Greek and Latin roots.
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U.05. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots.
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U.06. Match words with Greek and Latin roots to their meanings.
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U.07. Apply knowledge of Greek and Latin roots to expand vocabulary.
V. Compound Words
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V.01. Form compound words by combining two or more words.
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V.02. Form and use compound words in sentences.
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V.03. Differentiate between open, closed, and hyphenated compound words.
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V.04. Explain how the meaning of a compound word is related to the meanings of its individual parts.
W. Categories
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W.01. Select the members of a specific category from a list of words.
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W.02. Select the word that does not belong in a given category.
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W.03. Identify the category to which a group of words belongs.
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W.04. Create your own categories and list words that belong in them.
X. Synonyms and Antonyms
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X.01. Choose the synonym for a given word.
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X.02. Identify which sentence has the same meaning as a given sentence using synonyms.
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X.03. Find synonyms in context within a passage.
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X.04. Choose the antonym for a given word.
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X.05. Identify which sentence uses an antonym correctly.
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X.06. Find antonyms in context within a passage.
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X.07. Understand the nuances of synonyms and antonyms in different contexts.
Y. Homophones
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Y.01. Identify homophones using pictures.
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Y.02. Identify homophones in sentences.
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Y.03. Use the correct homophone in a given sentence.
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Y.04. Explain the difference in meaning between homophones.
Z. Multiple-Meaning Words
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Z.01. Determine which definition of a multiple-meaning word matches the sentence.
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Z.02. Identify which sentence uses the correct definition of a multiple-meaning word.
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Z.03. Explain how context clues help determine the appropriate meaning of a multiple-meaning word.
AA. Shades of Meaning
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AA.01. Describe the difference in meaning between related words (shades of meaning).
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AA.02. Distinguish between words with positive and negative connotations.
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AA.03. Use precise language to convey subtle differences in meaning.
BB. Context Clues
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BB.01. Identify context clues in a sentence or passage.
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BB.02. Find the meaning of unfamiliar words using context clues.
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BB.03. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context.
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BB.04. Use context to identify the meaning of a word in a sentence.
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BB.05. Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with pictures.
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BB.06. Infer the meaning of unfamiliar words by analyzing the surrounding text.
CC. Reference Skills
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CC.08. Use thesaurus entries to find synonyms and antonyms for words.
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CC.09. Understand and utilize different types of reference materials effectively.
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CC.01. Order words alphabetically based on the first letter.
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CC.02. Order words alphabetically based on the first two letters.
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CC.03. Order words alphabetically based on the first three letters.
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CC.04. Order words alphabetically: challenge.
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CC.05. Use guide words to locate entries in a dictionary.
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CC.06. Use dictionary entries to find definitions, pronunciations, and parts of speech.
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CC.07. Use dictionary definitions to understand the meaning of words in context.
DD. Sentences, Fragments, and Run-ons
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DD.01. Identify whether a sentence is declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory.
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DD.02. Identify the complete subject of a sentence.
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DD.03. Identify the complete predicate of a sentence.
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DD.04. Identify the simple subject or predicate of a sentence.
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DD.05. Distinguish between a complete sentence and a fragment.
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DD.06. Distinguish between a complete sentence and a run-on sentence.
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DD.07. Identify complete sentences, fragments, and run-on sentences.
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DD.08. Determine if a sentence is simple or compound.
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DD.09. Order the words to create a grammatically correct sentence.
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DD.10. Correct run-on sentences by using proper punctuation and conjunctions.
EE. Nouns
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EE.01. Identify nouns in a sentence.
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EE.02. Identify nouns – with abstract nouns.
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EE.03. Distinguish between common and proper nouns.
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EE.04. Form regular plurals with -s, -es, and -ies.
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EE.05. Use regular plurals with -s, -es, and -ies correctly in sentences.
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EE.06. Form regular plurals with -s, -es, -ies, and -ves.
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EE.07. Use regular plurals with -s, -es, -ies, and -ves correctly in sentences.
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EE.08. Determine if a noun is singular or plural.
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EE.09. Form and use irregular plurals correctly.
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EE.10. Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives.
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EE.11. Form the singular or plural possessive of a noun.
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EE.12. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns in sentences.
FF. Pronouns
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FF.01. Identify personal pronouns in a sentence.
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FF.02. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns correctly.
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FF.03. Replace a noun with the appropriate personal pronoun.
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FF.04. Use compound subjects and objects with ‘I’ and ‘me’ correctly.
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FF.05. Identify possessive pronouns in a sentence.
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FF.06. Use possessive pronouns correctly in sentences.
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FF.07. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns correctly.
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FF.08. Use reflexive pronouns correctly in sentences.
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FF.09. Identify relative pronouns in a sentence.
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FF.10. Use relative pronouns (who and whom) correctly.
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FF.11. Use relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, and that) correctly.
GG. Verb Types
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GG.01. Identify action verbs in a sentence.
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GG.02. Use action verbs effectively to describe actions.
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GG.03. Identify main verbs and helping verbs in a sentence.
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GG.04. Determine what a modal verb shows (e.g., possibility, obligation).
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GG.05. Use the correct modal verb to express different meanings.
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GG.06. Distinguish between transitive and intransitive verbs.
HH. Subject-Verb Agreement
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HH.01. Determine if the subject of a sentence is singular or plural.
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HH.02. Use the correct form of the verb to agree with the subject (singular or plural).
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HH.03. Ensure pronoun-verb agreement in sentences.
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HH.04. Use the correct subject or verb with compound subjects.
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HH.05. Understand and apply the rules of subject-verb agreement in various sentence structures.
II. Verb Tense
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II.01. Identify verbs in the regular past tense.
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II.02. Determine which sentence is in the regular past tense.
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II.03. Form and use the regular past tense correctly.
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II.04. Identify irregular verbs in the past tense.
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II.05. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 1.
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II.06. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 2.
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II.07. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 3.
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II.08. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 4.
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II.09. Use the correct form of “to be” in different tenses.
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II.10. Use the correct form of “to have” in different tenses.
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II.11. Identify if a sentence is in the past, present, or future tense.
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II.12. Change a sentence from present to future tense.
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II.13. Use the progressive verb tenses (present, past, future progressive).
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II.14. Form the progressive verb tenses correctly.
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II.15. Choose between the past tense and past participle forms of verbs.
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II.16. Use the perfect verb tenses (present, past, future perfect).
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II.17. Form the perfect verb tenses correctly.
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II.18. Demonstrate consistent and accurate verb tense usage in writing.
JJ. Articles
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JJ.01. Use the correct article: a or an.
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JJ.02. Use the correct article: a, an, or the.
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JJ.03. Identify articles in a sentence.
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JJ.04. Understand the difference between definite and indefinite articles.
KK. Adjectives and Adverbs
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KK.01. Determine if an adjective tells you what kind or how many.
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KK.02. Identify the adjective that describes the noun in a sentence.
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KK.03. Identify adjectives in a sentence.
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KK.04. Order adjectives correctly in a sentence.
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KK.05. Determine if an adverb tells you how, when, or where.
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KK.06. Identify adverbs in a sentence.
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KK.07. Use relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly.
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KK.08. Choose between adjectives and adverbs correctly in sentences.
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KK.09. Determine if a word is being used as an adjective or an adverb.
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KK.10. Use adjectives to compare (comparative and superlative forms).
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KK.11. Spell adjectives that compare correctly.
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KK.12. Use adjectives with more and most correctly.
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KK.13. Use adverbs to compare (comparative and superlative forms).
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KK.14. Use proper adjective order in sentences.
LL. Prepositions
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LL.01. Identify prepositions in a sentence.
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LL.02. Identify prepositions and their objects in a sentence.
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LL.03. Identify prepositional phrases in a sentence.
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LL.04. Understand and use prepositions effectively: review.
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LL.05. Vary prepositional phrases to enhance writing style.
MM. Conjunctions
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MM.01. Identify coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet).
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MM.02. Identify subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, although, if, when).
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MM.03. Use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions to create complex sentences.
NN. Contractions
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NN.01. Form and use pronoun-verb contractions correctly.
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NN.02. Form and use contractions with ‘not’ correctly.
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NN.03. Differentiate between contractions and possessive pronouns.
OO. Commas
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OO.01. Use commas with direct addresses and after introductory words.
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OO.02. Use commas to separate items in a list.
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OO.03. Use commas before coordinating conjunctions in compound sentences.
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OO.04. Use commas to set off nonessential information in a sentence.
PP. Capitalisation
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PP.01. Capitalise the names of people, pets, and titles of respect.
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PP.02. Capitalise days, months, and holidays.
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PP.03. Capitalise the names of places and geographic features.
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PP.04. Capitalise proper adjectives, nationalities, and languages.
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PP.05. Apply capitalization rules consistently and accurately in writing.
QQ. Formatting
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QQ.01. Use correct greetings and closings in letters.
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QQ.02. Capitalise titles of books, articles, and other works.
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QQ.03. Format titles of books, articles, and other works correctly (e.g., using italics or quotation marks).
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QQ.04. Format and capitalise titles correctly in various contexts.
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QQ.05. Apply consistent formatting guidelines to enhance readability and professionalism.
